Argument是一篇很有規律的文章，同issue問題相比，argument這篇作文更容易寫。Argument每個題目由兩個部分構成。第一部分是一句介紹性的話，用來提供論述的背景，這一句話沒有邏輯錯誤可言。第二部分是論述本身，是一段完整的邏輯分析，其中肯定包括邏輯錯誤，這是我們閱讀和攻擊的重點。

Argument作文要求邏輯嚴謹，攻擊有力到位，語言上掌握一些邏輯分析的語句等等。根據Argument作文的特點，為了加深對這些要點的理解，這里主要介紹一下在Argument寫作中值得注意的地方，即一些好的建議。

建議1：仔細分析并找出argument中至少三、四個論證或論據方面的錯誤。

如果想拿到5分以上的分數，你就不能遺漏Argument中主要的邏輯錯誤。邏輯錯誤是argument作文中最重要的因素，如何快速準確地判斷出argument論述中所隱含的邏輯錯誤就成為我們寫作的重重之重。argument題庫中題目雖然很多，有240多道，但是，這類作文是很有規律可言的，總結起來邏輯錯誤也就無外乎那么7大類，只要在考前做好充分的準備，這類文章是很有什么大問題的。邏輯錯誤主要有：因果類錯誤、類比類錯誤、數據統計類錯誤、無根據假定錯誤、急于概括性錯誤、言行不一錯誤、非此即彼（二選一，忽略其他同類）等。我們在備考中需要我們對這幾類邏輯錯誤有充分的掌握，能夠靈活運用攻擊性的語句去攻擊這些邏輯錯誤。

例如：

The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city ofMegalopolis.

"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."

【題目譯文】

在Megalopolis，過去三年間在大型合伙事務所就職的法學院畢業生數量下降了15％，而在小型，一般性事務所就職的畢業生數量則在增加。盡管大型事務所通常提供高的多的薪水，法學院畢業生選擇在小型事務所工作主要是因為他們感受到更高的工作滿足感。一項對于頂尖法學院一年級學生的調查顯示，多數人同意掙更多的錢沒有工作滿足感更重要的說法。這一現象啟示我們，Megalopolis的大型合伙事務所應該給畢業生提供更多的福利和激勵，并減少他們的工作時間。

【文中的邏輯錯誤】

A. In the first place, the arguer fails to convince us that it was the lack of job satisfaction that resulted in the 15% decline in the number of law school graduates who went to work for large firms.

B. In the second place, the result of the surrey of first-year students at a leading law school does not lend strong support to the assumption that the smaller firm in the city ofMegalopoliscould offer more job satisfaction to graduates who choose to work there.

C. Finally, no evidence is provided as to why the large, corporate firms should offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of work hours and how taking these actions could lead to job satisfaction.

我們在找邏輯錯誤的時候，要在你文章中合乎邏輯地安排各個論點的順序。也就是說，你所找的邏輯錯誤要按照Argument中錯誤出現的先后順序來進行。語言再好，字數再多，如果沒有抓住原題主要的邏輯錯誤，你的作文成績連及格都不可能達到。因此，準確地找出邏輯錯誤就是拿到高分的基礎，如何去攻擊這些邏輯錯誤則是高分的保障。

建議2：要用充分的理由和/或恰當的例子來支持你的觀點。

找出了原題中的邏輯錯誤后，就需要我們去組織語言和收集一些例子對邏輯錯誤展開有效的攻擊。僅僅抓住邏輯錯誤是不夠的，我們必須從邏輯的角度或至少從常識的角度進行分析，論證原論述的不合理性，即說明其證據不足以支持其結論，其假設并未得到有效的支撐。下面就針對上文中所提到的題目，列舉一些相應的攻擊例子。

As the large firms offer the higher salaries, they also demand higher and stricter qualification such as the jobseekers’ working experience, excellent performance in schools. If the requirements of employment became higher than the last three years, the enrollment will certainly decrease which means less student candidates can pass the tests or the interview. Another main cause is that maybe the large firms in Megalopolis confront some crisis of operation, so they decide to hire less people than before.

在攻擊的過程中，議論不要離題，不要在評論中摻雜自己的主觀想法。這也是Argument寫作中最忌諱的地方。因為，它是一篇客觀的評論，不像Issue作文，要求明確闡述自己主觀的想法。在駁論中，要用有說服力的語言去攻擊原題中邏輯錯誤，要知道Argument的論點更有說服力還是欠缺什么，以及如何才能使你更深入地評判它。