托福口語(yǔ)考試技巧：及時(shí)而正確的筆記
新托福口語(yǔ)應(yīng)試技巧：及時(shí)而正確的筆記
人類(lèi)瞬時(shí)記憶的有限性，可以用速記方式加以彌補(bǔ)。新托福考試增加的口語(yǔ)部分就允許考生在聽(tīng)、讀的同時(shí)作些筆記。這對(duì)考生在緊張的狀態(tài)下產(chǎn)生的“聽(tīng)時(shí)明白聽(tīng)后忘；讀時(shí)明白讀完忘”的現(xiàn)象確實(shí)是一個(gè)有益的幫助。快而準(zhǔn)的筆記能幫助考生準(zhǔn)確地回憶
剛剛讀到、聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)而使考生能用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確地回答問(wèn)題以取得滿(mǎn)意的成績(jī)。因而，培養(yǎng)一種高效的速記能力在新托福考試中不僅顯得至關(guān)重要，而且勢(shì)在必行。
考試中運(yùn)用怎樣的速記方法因人而異，你甚至可以自創(chuàng)一套獨(dú)特的、只有自己可以辨認(rèn)的速記符號(hào)，但關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是你的速記要有助于你迅速而準(zhǔn)確地回想起一次性聽(tīng)到的、讀到的東西。所以，“快”而“準(zhǔn)”就成了迅速記筆記所應(yīng)遵循的準(zhǔn)則。
下面就為大家列舉一些常用的筆記符號(hào)：
|
Symbol |
Meaning |
|
→ |
go on, continue, last, lead to, cause, result in, make, produce, stretch, develop, to the right |
|
← |
come from, result from, go back, withdraw, shorten, to the left |
|
↑ |
go up, increase, rise, raise, get up, arise, evaporate, fly |
|
↓ |
go down, decrease, lower, reduce, decline, sediment, save up, deposit |
|
∵ |
because |
|
∴ |
so, therefore, thus |
|
＋ |
plus, and also, in addition |
|
－ |
minus |
|
× |
times |
|
＝ |
equal, equal to, is |
|
≠ |
not equal, not equal to, is not |
|
～ |
about, approximately, probably, more or less |
|
＞ |
larger than, bigger than, greater than, more than |
|
＜ |
smaller than, less than |
|
％ |
percent |
|
∕ |
per |
|
# |
number |
|
& |
and, |
|
@ |
at, each |
|
§ |
section |
|
？ |
question |
|
$ |
dollar, money, cost, price |
|
￥ |
RMB(人民幣) |
|
|
pound(英鎊) |
|
℃ |
Centigrade |
|
℉ |
Fahrenheit |
|
? |
copy right |
|
|
registered |
|
" |
trade mark |
|
eo |
Euro(歐元) |
|
p |
page |
|
? |
paragraph |
|
no. |
number |
|
ft |
foot, feet |
|
2 |
to, two, too |
|
ht |
height |
|
wt |
weight |
|
w/ |
with(something) |
|
w/o |
without |
|
w/i |
within |
|
i.e. |
that is |
|
e.g. |
for example, for instance, like, such as |
|
etc. |
et cetera, so on , so forth |
|
b/c |
because |
|
b/f |
before |
|
esp. |
especially |
|
min. |
minimum |
|
max. |
maximum |
|
govt |
government |
|
asap |
as soon as possible |
|
rt |
right |
|
wrt |
write |
|
yr |
year, |
|
yrs |
years |
|
vs |
versus |
|
ans |
answer |
|
diff |
difference, different |
作記錄并不等于毫無(wú)遺漏地將聽(tīng)到看到的每一個(gè)詞都記錄下來(lái)，那既是不必要的，也是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的、不可能的，特別是在新托福的口語(yǔ)考試中。作記錄應(yīng)著重那些能反映關(guān)鍵信息的關(guān)鍵詞，能反映中心意義的核心句。先將它們符號(hào)化，然后再將這些符號(hào)還原成先前聽(tīng)到或讀到的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
例如：
In 1337, a terrible war began between England and France, and this war continued for almost a hundred years.
記錄：1337，E war F → 100yrs
速記實(shí)際上是我們突破記憶障礙的一種手段，是對(duì)記憶的一種補(bǔ)充，是對(duì)自己的一種提醒，因此，在作記錄時(shí)應(yīng)注意：
1、所運(yùn)用的符號(hào)應(yīng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單，要便于快速書(shū)寫(xiě)；
2、自己創(chuàng)建的縮略語(yǔ)、符號(hào)等自己要能識(shí)別；
3、要按聽(tīng)、讀材料的內(nèi)容順序記錄關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息；
4、作成的筆記可以串成與材料內(nèi)容相符的句子；
5、平時(shí)要多練習(xí)，保證眼耳手嘴并用，聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合，并嚴(yán)格按考試要求的時(shí)間操練。