Integrated Task

Q: 閱讀文章和聽力文章中共有幾種可能的關系？

A: There are three kinds of connections between the reading passage and the listening passage.

a. The listening passage that challenges the points made in the reading.

b. The listening passage that presents the reasons/ways the problem described in the reading passage is solvable or really not a problem at all.

c. The listening passage that supports the points made in the reading.

[OG, P252] [Workshop Manual, P41]

目前考的都是Contrast題目(只有一次考到了Solution，但也和Contrast差不多)，預計在不久的將來也不會有太大變化。根據ETS高級專員(Assessment Specialist II)Susan Hines [Dec, 2006]的說法，目前題庫中還沒有出過關于support的題目("Comparison is not available now.")，所以建議大家主要針對contrast題目進行訓練，偶爾也可以用朗文的光盤訓練一下solution的寫法。最有效的12個訓練題目我會在課程中給大家列出來。

Q: 閱讀文章和聽力文章之間一般會有幾點相關聯？

A: "Typically the main idea will be developed with three points." [OG, P252]

Q: 文章中可不可以出現自己對所談問題的看法？

A: "Remember that you are NOT being asked for your opinion. You ARE being asked to explain how the points in the listening relate to points in the reading." [OG, P253]

Q: 寫作的時候可不可以照搬閱讀和聽力中的原話？

A: 總的來講，照搬原文是不可以的。關鍵詞可以不變，但是整體內容必須被paraphrase出來，特別是閱讀材料里面的內容。

"In English-speaking countries, you must follow the rules for citing when you use the same words of the original speaker or author. If you do not do this, it is considered a form of intellectual stealing, called plagiarism. While this may be accepted in some cultures, it is not acceptable in most English-speaking academic settings. Therefore, paraphrasing skills are important to learn." [TOEFL iBT Tips, P29]

"Restatement and paraphrasing is, of course, needed." [Susan Hines, Dec., 2006]

Q: 5分和4分的區別在哪里？

A: "A response that scores at level 4 has many of the characteristics of a 5, but it does not reflect the content of the listening passage as accurately." [Workshop Manual, P45]

Q: 高分(5分、4分)和3分的區別在哪里？

A: "The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture." [Workbook, P7]

"Response generally cannot receive a score higher than 3 if they do not address all three points and usually need to address two of the points of contrast." [Workbook, P11]

"Responses that earn a score of 3 respond to the prompt, but they are vaguer than either 4 or 5 responses. Some details might be incorrect or altogether missing and inaccuracies increase. This combination may cause the reader to be slightly confused." [Workshop Manual, P46]

All Writing Tasks

Q: 高分(5分和4分)和低分(1~3分)在評分程序上有什么區別？

A: 總的來講，高分(4和5分)的文章要符合評分標準上的所有要求才能評為高分，但是低分文章(1到3分)只要符合評分標準的某一條就可以評為低分。

"In general, responses should be scored at the highest levels (4 or 5) if all the score descriptors fit the response. In contrast, a response should be scored at one of the lower levels (3, 2, or 1) if some or any of the score descriptors noticeably fit the response." [OG, P267]

Q: 拼寫錯誤和語言問題要不要緊？

A: 關于這一點，我們要一分為二來看。一方面，我們沒必要吹毛求疵；閱卷人知道這是first draft并且是under timed condition，只要看得懂，不構成理解障礙，就沒太大問題(minor flaw)。另一方面，語法和拼寫還是重要的，一旦這些小錯誤導致閱卷人覺得難以理解，就會構成重大問題(major flaw)。

就拿我們上課講的例子來看，把"dependence"寫成"dependency"沒太大問題；偶爾把"becomes independent"寫成了"becomes independency"是個可以看到的錯誤，但還是問題不大；偶爾寫出"They prefer to be depended on their parents."這樣的奇怪句子也會得到閱卷人的寬恕。

"Occasional language errors will not count against you as long as they do not cause you to misrepresent the meaning of points from the reading and the lecture." [OG, P253]

"If your essay includes a few minor lexical and grammar errors, you can still get a high score. However, if you make a lot of grammar errors and if those errors make it hard to understand your meaning, you will get a lower score." [OG, P260]

Q: 字數是不是很重要？

A: 首先，字數沒有上限。

其次，目前字數會比以前更有意義，因為考試有計數器專門動態顯示字數，為的是讓考生對自己的字數做到心里有數。而且兩篇文章都有了推薦字數。所以，我的建議是超過這個建議字數，雖然不用超過太多。(Integrated Task超過150，Independent Task超過300)

最后，關鍵是內容，而不是數量。不要為了求字數而導致文章很啰嗦。

"Suggested length is between 150 to 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more, so long as what you write answers the question." [OG, P253]

"An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5. There is no maximun word limit. You may write as much as you wish in the time alloted." [OG, P258]

"The length is not considered."(來源：上海新東方學校 作者：江奇)

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