正文:

熟讀OG不難發現ETS對代詞指代的規律也沒有定論.

有時指代中心詞

OG119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business（B）

(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

有時就近指代

OG1.    The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.

(A) occurring when a child

(B) occurring when children

(C) that occurred when a child

(D) that occurred when they were children (D)

(E) that has occurred as each was a child

有時按邏輯意思指代

OG 114.  From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

(A) baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C) baggage, yet being so light

(D) baggage, and so light (E)

(E) baggage yet was so light

所以我們在思考的時候不妨運用以下三個方法:

根據主謂一致

OG128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties（E）

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

通過對A  OF  B 中的AB進行邏輯判斷, 再決定是就近指代, 還是跳躍修飾

OG127.  In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them to the United Nations.

(A) for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them

(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned

(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned

(D) in place of their employees’ paychecks, for those of them assigned（B）

(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them

根據上下文意思

OG71.  The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions, then taking turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.

(A) subscriptions, then taking turns drawing

(B) subscriptions, and then taking turns drawing

(C) subscriptions and then took turns drawing

(D) subscriptions and then took turns, they drew（C）

(E) subscriptions and then drew, taking turns

指代問題是一個極其靈活的考點, 若能避開就避開, 通過其他考點判斷. 若指代的錯誤是effectiveness的問題, 先不要用他來排除選項, 以免冤枉了好人. 總結的規律要通過搜索或是到版上與別人探討以求印證.